Wicca
is a Neopagan religion and a religious movement found in various
countries throughout the world. It was first popularised in 1954 by a
British civil servant named Gerald Gardner after the British Witchcraft
Act was repealed. He claimed that the religion, of which he was an
initiate, was a modern survival of an old witchcraft religion, which had
existed in secret for hundreds of years, originating in the
pre-Christian Paganism of Europe. Wicca is thus sometimes referred to as
the Old Religion. The veracity of Gardner's claims cannot be
independently proven, and it is thought that written Wiccan theology
began to be compiled no earlier than the 1920s. Various related Wiccan
traditions have since evolved, or been adapted from, the form
established by Gardner, which came to be called Gardnerian Wicca. These
other traditions of Wicca each have distinctive beliefs, rituals, and
practices. Many traditions of Wicca remain secretive and require that
members be initiated. There is also a movement of Eclectic or Solitary
Wiccans who do not believe that any doctrine or traditional initiation
is necessary in order to practice Wicca.
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